Patent foramen ovale: seeing through the mist.

نویسنده

  • Lídia de Sousa
چکیده

Em 1877 Connheim descreveu pela primeira vez o mecanismo de embolia paradoxal através do forâmen ovale patente (FOP), fenómeno múltiplas vezes documentado em autópsias e estudos ecocardiográficos. Além da migração de um trombo através do defeito septal, outros mecanismos têm sido propostos para implicar o FOP em fenómenos cardioembólicos, nomeadamente um aumento da vulnerabilidade auricular a arritmias com potencial embolígeno ou a formação local de trombos1. Múltiplos estudos evidenciaram uma associação entre a presença de um FOP e a ocorrência de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) criptogénico, enquanto outros questionam essa relação2--4. A questão assume a relevância que os números lhe conferem: cerca de 25% da população tem FOP e cerca de 40% dos AVC isquémicos têm etiologia indeterminada (criptogénicos), sendo o FOP um mecanismo apelativo para a sua explicação. Num achado tão prevalente como o FOP, como estabelecer a sua culpabilidade ou inocência, em particular no contexto de um AVC isquémico? Distinguir associação de causalidade é sempre um desafio que se revela crítico nesta questão. Os três estudos aleatorizados de oclusão percutânea do FOP versus terapêutica médica5--7 não evidenciaram benefício para nenhuma das estratégias terapêuticas, mas apresentam importantes limitações. As mais relevantes são o reduzido poder estatístico derivado do baixo número de doentes e de eventos, cross-over entre os dois braços dos estudos, heterogeneidade de critérios de inclusão,

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology

دوره 34 3  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2015